Physics in Depth

Simple harmonic motion — circle and sine curve Circle and simple harmonic motion projection A particle travels around a circle at constant angular speed. A dashed line drops from the particle to the vertical diameter, and that foot point's height is plotted over time on the right as a sine curve. time particle on circle height of foot over time (SHM) Pause Period 3.0 s For a particle moving in a uniform circular motion, its foot of perpendicular in either X axis or Y axis is at simple harmonic motion (SHM).

Kirchhoff's circuit laws — worked problem Student observation in a potentiometer A student sets up a circuit as shown in the figure given below to measure the emf of a test cell. (i) Explain why he is unable to find a balance point and state the change he must make in order to achieve the balance. (ii) State how he would recognize the balance point. (iii) He obtained the balance point for distance 37.5 cm using standard cell of emf 1.50 V. And for the test cell, the balance distance AB was 25.0 cm. Calculate the emf of the test cell. (iv) He could have used an ordinary voltmeter to measure the emf of the test cell directly. The student, however, argues that the above instrument is more precise than an ordinary voltmeter. Justify his logic. (i)Problem in circuit The positive terminals of both the driving cell and the test cell must be connected to the same terminal A. If their polarities oppose each other at the joint (A...

Simple Pendulum Simulation Explore how length & temperature affect the period of oscillation Parameters Pendulum Length 1.00 m Temperature 25 °C Initial Angle 15° Live Measurements Period T 2.00 s Frequency 0.50 Hz Eff. Length 1.000 m Δ Length +0.000 m Physics T = 2π √(L / g) L eff = L₀ (1 + α·ΔT) α (steel) = 12×10⁻⁶ /°C ·   g = 9.81 m/s² Controls ⏸ Pause ...

Action at Points | Class 11 NEB Physics | Physics in Depth Action at Points: Action at points refers to the phenomenon where a charged pointed end of a conductor ionizes the surrounding air causing a continuous leakage of charge from that point. Mechanism: For any charged conductor, the electric charge distributes itself on the outer surface. For a pointed end, the surface charge density (\(\sigma\), charge per unit area) is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature (\(r\)) of that surface:\[\sigma \propto \frac{1}{r}\] The electric field \(E\) is proportional to \(\sigma\). So, the two case may arise: Case I: The electric field if immensely greater may ionize the air molecules directly stripping the electrons from it (air molecules then becomes positively charged). Case II: The higher electric field intensity due to the pointed end may ...

Electric Charges & Electrostatics — Class 11 Physics Electric Charges Class 11 Physics  ·  Electrostatics Contents Introduction Conservation of Charge Quantization of Charge Methods of Charging Magnitude of One Coulomb Coulomb's Law Conceptual & Numerical Challenges Introduction Electrostatics , the earliest discovered branch of electricity, involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in materials. Just as masses are responsible for gravitational forces, electric charges are the fundamental property responsible for electrical forces. Matter is made up of atoms. Inside every atom, positive and negative charges are held together by the enormous attraction of the electrical force. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Protons are bound tig...

Pullinger's Apparatus: Coefficient of Linear Expansion Pullinger's Apparatus Figure: Pullinger's Apparatus Pullinger's apparatus is a laboratory instrument used to determine the coefficient of linear expansion of a metal rod. Description A long cylindrical metal steam jacket (or hollow tube) encloses the experimental metal rod AB . The thermometer T is inserted into the side of the jacket to measure the temperature of the system (steam/rod environment). A spherometer is placed at the top on a stable base plate to precisely measure the tiny change in the rod's length. A galvanometer ( G ) is connected to a battery through the key ( K ) to signal the accurate reading position when an electrical contact is established. Working Principle The initial length of the rod \((L_1)\) is measured at room temperature \((\theta_1)\). With the lowering of the central leg of the sphe...