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Quantum Teleportation | Physics in Depth

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The quantum information can be sent between the two locations without traversing the physical locations between the quantum particles via Quantum teleportation . This results due to the phenomena ' quantum entanglement '. When two (or more) quantum particles are created such that it interact in a specific way, then they become dependent on each other, or are said to be ' entangled , even when they are separated from each other by long distances.
Image source Astronomy Magazine
To put it in another way, the entangled quantum particles behave as if they are aware of one-another states ( or how the other quantum particle is behaving ). In case of entangled particles, when one particle's quantum state is measured and it changes state, the other particle's state will change accordingly. Einstein thought it as weird and wrong and for him it implied that the possibility of quantum entanglement mean that the quantum information could be sent from one particle to another faster than the speed of light that would violate his own rule from Special theory of relativity (STR) . According to STR, nothing with finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light because it would require infinite energy to do so. He referred entanglement as " Spooky action at a distance " , and proposed that, rather than entangled particles depending on each other, there were some properties of each particle that were " hidden " and contained the information supposed to be transmitted simultaneously .
Experiments have shown that the Einstein's explanation on entangled particles as 'spooky' lot less likely. Entangled particles really are " each other halves " that forms an interdependent quantum system where the separation does not matter.
Image source WSU Insider
At the end of 2019, the physicists have been able to demonstrate quantum teleportation between two computer chips for the first time. Before this, the quantum entanglement has been demonstrated experimentally with photons, neutrinos, molecules and even small diamonds. On 2017, Chinese researchers teleported a photon from Gobi desert to a satellite orbiting five hundred kilometers above the Earth. This was achieved through quantum entanglement. Chinese team created 4,000 pairs of quantum-entangled photons per second at their laboratory in Tibet and fired one of the photons from each pair in a beam of light towards a satellite called Micius. Micius has a sensitive photon receiver that can detect the quantum states of a single photons fired from the ground.
Image source Science
Quantum teleportation is hoped to lead to the advanced computing with the super processing powers and the next level internet in the near future.

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